BIP-114
Merkelized Abstract Syntax Tree.
Proposed a way to lock coins under many alternative spending rules while revealing only the one actually used.
Coins are spent by meeting the rules in a script, a small program, and every branch of it has to be shown even if it isn't used. This proposal organised the branches in a tree so only the used branch is revealed. That would have allowed more complex conditions, saved space and improved privacy.
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