BIP-380
Output Script Descriptors General Operation.
Defines output script descriptors, a short text format that says exactly which addresses a wallet uses.
A backup of keys alone, such as recovery words, doesn't say which address types or key paths a wallet used, so other software restoring it may not find the same addresses. A descriptor writes this down in one line with a checksum, helping backups and watch-only wallets work the same across different software.
Read BIP-380 in full on GitHubAll BIPs