BIP-13
Address Format for pay-to-script-hash.
Defines the address format for pay-to-script-hash: the addresses that start with a 3.
These addresses stand for a fingerprint of a script, the small program that decides who can spend coins, rather than a single key. That lets someone pay into set-ups such as escrow or shared wallets using an address built the same way as an ordinary one.
Read BIP-13 in full on GitHubAll BIPs