BIP-38
Passphrase-protected private key.
Lets a private key be locked with a passphrase and printed as a code, for paper wallets and physical coins.
Anyone who sees an unprotected key printed on paper can spend its coins. This BIP encrypts the key so the passphrase is also needed, and makes guessing it slow. It also lets a maker of physical coins create keys without being able to spend them.
Read BIP-38 in full on GitHubAll BIPs